How to Support Bilingualism in Early Childhood Essay Example for Free

How to Support Bilingualism in Early Childhood Essay Bilingualism is very important. Although most people speak English in this country, there is not really a national language in the United States of America. However, speaking more than one language will, without a doubt, get you father. Many children that enter early childhood centers have another primary language. Although it is very important that all the children learn English, it is just as important that they do not lose their first language. Besides being able to keep close to your roots and communicate with your family, being bilingual can open doors professionally. This in itself is a great reason to make sure schools support bilingualism. Accepting the child’s first language is a great step to show respect for the child and his culture and family. This acceptance is important in the early years, especially when the child first enters preschool / daycare. In showing tolerance and acknowledgement to the primary language, the child will feel comfortable in the classroom and this will make the transition to go much smoother. This article continues to explain ways in which educators and school staff can support bilingualism. Preschools and daycares play an important role in the lives of the children. The seeds we plant about bilingualism will grow forever in that child. As we accept and learn, so will the children. If we were to treat this in a negative manner, the children will perceive it that way as well. Getting to know the families in our centers is imperative. Knowing what language they speak and where they come from is a sure way to make them feel secure and comfortable. As stated in the article, the attitudes of the staff are essential to supporting bilingualism. Making sure that staff members speak both English and another language (majority at center) is the first step in having a bilingual school/program. It is never â€Å"ok† to simply disregard the native language of the child or the child’s family. Parents should continue to speak in their native language and no one should make that child feel embarrassed or ashamed to speak another language. This article is pro children and pro responsibility. As educators, it is our duty to have our children reach for the highest goal possible. It is our responsibility to take the children far in life. Guiding children and their families towards bilingualism is a great way to give value to immigrant families. Achieving the â€Å"American dream† does not mean leaving your roots behind. Having a strong self-esteem includes being proud of ourselves and where we come from. Teachers need to nurture this.

Development of Early Child Narratology

Development of Early Child Narratology Aims: I aim to evaluate how the structure and composition of early child narratology develops and evolves with age. To conduct this evaluation I will approach local primary schools for examples of short narrative texts written by Key stage 1 pupils (4-7), to serve as empirical data. I will assess these texts by employing the six part Labovian narrative model and analysing the presence and frequency of narrative components, evaluative temporal indicators and markers. Background: This study builds on many other works as the Labovian model is now frequently used to assess narratology in children, (see Kernan, 1977; Eaton, Collis and Lewis, 1999). The idea of linguistic and narrative development in children is also a popular issue. One study that specifically charts the evolution of child narrative with age is â€Å"Telling stories of experiences: Narrative development of young Chinese children† a study by Chien-JuChang in which young Chinese children were visited in their homes at age 3 years and 6 months and then at 3 month intervals for the next 9 months. Their individual development in three key areas (narrative structure, evaluation, and temporality) was evaluated with the conclusion that â€Å"Chinese children, generally speaking, include more narrative components, evaluative information, and temporal markers in their narratives over time. However, the growth patterns and rates of change for each child on each narrative measure vary.† Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that as a child is introduced to more narrative texts, and comes to identify narrative components, that he or she will employ them more frequently and more readily in their own narratives. Thus, I hypothesise that there will be a marked increase both in the inclusion of these features in individual narratives and in the cohesion between the narratives of the evaluated children (their similarity to each other) in the older age ranges, as they adapt and adhere to literary and narrative norms. I believe that there will be a greater proliferation of linguistic devices and conventions, as well as more narrative components, in the older childrens narratives. Although I will not specifically be studying the effects of ethnicity or socio-economic background I believe that these factors will skew the data slightly as my hypothesis centres on the fact that the children will have been exposed to similar volumes and types of narrative material. This may well not be the case for pupils from a different cultural background or a less affluent family environment. Data: The data I will use for this investigation will be collected from local and, hopefully, schools which are more widely distributed throughout the country, to give a representative sample of empirical data. I will approach the schools to provide short texts from every early years age group so that I have approximately 50-100 short texts from pupils aged from 4 to 7 with a similar number for each age group. I will specify that I would like work from a cross section of abilities, genders, ethnicities, and socio-economic and cultural backgrounds so as to have a representative sample of narratives for an age range. I will also request that the gender, ethnicity and socio-economic group be specified for each child included in the study as, although I am not directly studying the consequences of these factors on the narratives, it would be informative and useful to see if they affect the cohesion of the data in any way. All texts will be included as an appendix to the final extended essay and the appropriate permissions will be obtained from the schools and, if necessary, from the parents of the children whose work is used. Methodology: As previously defined I will employ the Labovian 6 part narrative model to assess the texts. This will be both a quantitative and qualitative analysis as it will deal not only with the evolution in the number of narrative components in each text but also their function and type. The results of the analyses will be presented in tabulated form. Initially I will fill in a table to give the main characteristics of each narrative and then tabulate the overall results. An example of a narrative text and a simplified table are given as an appendix. My work so far: I have investigated a number of studies covering similar subject areas and approached schools in my local area to see if they would be willing to provide samples of work The response so far is encouraging. I have also obtained some examples of writing from neighbourhood children and analysis of these texts seems to back my hypothesis thus far. Naturally I will be unsure until I study the larger volumes of empirical data foreseen by my study. Timescale: Owing to the complexity of obtaining the data and analysing it, this project will be quite time consuming. I believe I will require one month to obtain the work and the various permissions and a further month to analyse the texts and tabulate the results. I will then need a further two weeks to present my conclusions, draft and check the final copy. Annotated Bibliography Applebee, Arthur 1978. â€Å"The Childs Concept Of Story: Ages Two To Seventeen†. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. This book defines the â€Å"interaction of children and stories†. Various chapters discuss the stories told by primary school children, their organisation and motivation as well as children’s responses to stories and story telling. It also contains a number of appendices giving information about the methods for data collection and analysis employed by Applebee throughout his investigations. Chang, Chien-Ju 2004: â€Å"Telling stories of experiences: Narrative development of young Chinese children† Applied Psycholinguistics, 25: 83-104 Cambridge University Press This presents a study in which young Chinese children were visited in their homes at age 3 years and 6 months and then at 3 month intervals for the next 9 months and their individual development in three key areas (narrative structure, evaluation, and temporality) assessed. Gutierrez Clellen, V. F., Quinn, R. (1993). Assessing narratives of children from diverse cultural/linguistic groups. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 24, 2-9. This article discusses the issues surrounding cultural and ethnic background and the impact on a child’s narrative development. This supports my claim that linguistic and narration conventions are learnt and states â€Å"narrative contextualization processes are culture-specific† Kernan, K. T. (1977). Semantic and expressive elaboration in childrens narratives. C. Mitchell-Kernan and S.Ervin-Tripp (Eds.), Child Discourse. New York: Academic Press, 91-102. This paper was presented at the Child Discourse Symposium at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association (Mexico City, Mexico, November 1974) and presents a theoretical and ground breaking discussion of children’s narrative discourse and the acquisition of discourse competencies. Labov, William., and Waletzky, Joshua. 1967. â€Å"Narrative analysis: oral versions of personal experience.† Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, ed. June Helm, 12-44. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Seminal and scholarly text discussing the basics of narrative analysis detailing the six point model, etc. Pena E. D., Gillam R. B., Malek M., Ruiz-Felter R., Resendiz M., Fiestas C., and Sabel T. : Dynamic Assessment of School-Age Childrens Narrative Ability: An Experimental Investigation of Classification Accuracy J Speech Lang Hear Res, October1,2006; 49(5): 1037 1057. This article provides useful and information about analysing the â€Å"macrostructural and microstructural aspects of language form and content† (in this case in narratives given by first and second grade students describing a picture book.) Appendix one – example narrative (direct transcript) On Saturday, Daddy, Mummy, Jamie and me went to the park to go on the swings. It was really cold so Daddy bought me and Jamie a hot chocolate to warm us up. It was really funny because Jamie dropped his down his jumper and had to wear Daddy’s jumper. It was to(sic) big for him and he looked really funny. I went on the swings and the roundabout and the slide and then Jamie and me sat on one side of the sea(sic) saw while Daddy sat on the other. Mummy took pictures of us. Then we went to the sweet shop and bought some jelly babies. They are my Mummys favourite and I like them to(sic). Then we went home and watched ice age 2 and then we had tea. Then we went to bed. We all had a lovely day and Daddy said it was nice that me and Jamie didn’t shout at each other. Jenny, age 6 Example tabulation Table 1 – Labovian concepts Table 2 Common markers Used by the child in her narrative

Introducing a New Product

Introducing a New Product Our new product is a toothbrush which is combined with toothpaste. The toothpaste will come out of the toothbrush head when you press a button on the handle. When the toothpaste is finished, you dont have to throw the toothbrush away because it is possible to buy our toothpaste recharge and to combine it with our toothbrush handle. Recharges can easily be filled. One recharge contains 12gm toothpaste and it is for 20 or 30 brushing. We have planned to sell our product Feekul on internet (with our own website), in super- and hypermarket and also in pharmacies. Nowadays many people have a good education and this lead to a good job/career. Because of the internationalization of many businesses in the hole world, people have to contact for doing their job companies and colleagues in other countries. They have to travel a lot and have to stay for a short time in another country. The toothbrush with toothpaste in one is easy for them to bring it All these people of today having a busy lifestyle, they need to work, they need to raise kids , they need to travel, they need to study and they have a big social life. Because of this they dont have much time to take care about their selves. Its important to take care about your teeth, everybody knows this. Thats why we offer the new created product Fee-Kul. The segment growth : All the segments of the market are growing in the future. It is already very easy to travel, you can enter many countries without problems. In the future it will be more easier and cheaper to travel, this target group will definitely grow. There also will be more and more students all over the world. Because of the good welfare it I will be easier and more important for everybody to have a good education, this segment will grow as well. As last the business people, because of the great internationalization it will be more common and important for companies to have many contacts with companies in other countries. This will also grow, because of the importance of the future well-being of the company. The knowledge of people are changing. Everybody know how important the health of a human being is and they want to take care about that. It is normal to go two times in a year to the dentist and to brush your teeth twice a day. These are all common facts for people. But they want to have the best teeth and they want to take care about. Thats why people are sensitive to new products for their body which are good for your well-being. We have seen in the last years a few changes in the toothbrush business. There are many toothbrushes on the market which are good for your teeth, gums, teeth color, challenge bacterium, etc. you can buy a normal toothbrush or an electric one. You can also choose the position of the hairs of your toothbrush. There are many options to choose a toothbrush. The recent changes are a lot, but they are not very different of each other. There are also a lot of different toothpastes, you can buy them in all different using and tastes. These are all good products but not easy to take and not quick for using. Thats why we will introduce the Fee-Kul. The trend of today is to do everything you can easy and quick, customers will like this thought. Our product is a product which fits in this trend: its a good product which will be proved by dentists, its easy to bring and its quick to use. Future predictions : The Fee-Kul is product with a good value, everybody can afford it. Its a fact that everybody needs this product, everybody use it so it is a common product. these facts are important for the future, it means our product will not fail because of there is no demand. There is a demand and it is even easier and quicker in use than a common toothbrush. Drivers such as demographic changes, economic and legislative factors : Our product is not sensitive to drivers like demographic changes, economic and legislative factors. Its a common product and everybody use and will use it. There are no factors like this which will fail our product .Implications for our product : To outline our product, it is a toothbrush with toothpaste in one, named the Fee-Kul. It is an easy and quick product to use. People like travelers, students and business people, which dont have much time and are many times not at home, will be our target group. We will to aim at people which have a busy lifestyle and which are many times not at home and staying somewhere else, but we will to aim at the most at the target groups which are mentioned above. Your plans to meet future demands and changes in the market : We will introduce our product like our idea. If there will be any other demand or customers will have a demand of changing the product, we will do that. If customers are loyal to our product and they want to help us improve, then we want to improve our product for the customer. It will be more successful in the future if we meet future demands and changes in the market. 3) Profile of Competitors The main competitors and their products? : If you focus on the really same product there are none competitors. But you have of course other options in the branch of toothbrushes and toothpastes. In this branch there are many competitors, national and international. Many companies selling toothbrushes and toothpastes. The most popular and known brands all over the world are: Aquafresh Colgate Oral-b Sensodyne Zendium The most popular products are: Normal Toothbrushes (many different options). Electric toothbrushes (many different options). Toothpaste (many different options). All these brands has toothbrushes and toothpastes, but not a toothbrush and toothpaste in one. There is a lot of competition, but we are with the Fee-Kul unique. Advantages and disadvantages of the competitors offerings : ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Nobody has the toothbrush and toothpaste in one. Many different options in toothbrush and toothpaste. Easy to take with you, the others are big and not easy to take. Other brands are more known and has the confidence of the customer. Quick to brush your teeth, by the others your need more time. 4) Competitive Advantage The Fee-Kul is a unique product on the market. Fee-Kul has toothbrush and toothpaste in one, is easy to take, is quick to use, good for your teeth and its not expensive. Everybody can afford and use it. There are a few competitors in the market which have related products, but not the same product as the Fee-Kul. The Fee-Kul will be offered in shops whit a good marketing campaign and a good value for the customers of 2,95. 5) Benefits to Clients There are a few important benefits for customers when the buy the Fee-Kul: Toothbrush and toothpaste in one. Easy to take. Quick to use. Good value. This means for the customer: they will save money they will save time they will increase efficiencies. Because of the good value of the Fee-Kul, customers will save their money. Normally they need to buy a toothbrush and toothpaste, this is a lot more expensive then the Fee-Kul. When the customer use the Fee-Kul, they will notice how much time they save the use the Fee-Kul. You need a lot of time to put toothpaste on your toothbrush, this waste of time is important for busy people in the morning and the evening. The Fee-Kul is also very efficient, you can use it easy when you are doing a lot of other stuff. You can just grab it and use it, easier is impossible. It is also efficient when you are traveling, you can put the Fee-Kul everywhere. It is small and compact, so easy to take. Buying the Fee-Kul will be very efficient for the customer. As the above mentioned benefits, it will save money, time and it will increase the efficiencies. All these benefits with a great marketing campaign are very attractive for customers to buy it. IV/ MARKETING / SALES STRATEGY When you are writing a business plan, the marketing and sales strategy section is an important part of your formal business plan. This part essentially involves developing a marketing and sales strategy for your business Those who are considering lending your small business money or investing will want to know how you intend to reach your target market and attain the market share you feel you can attain, which youve already discussed in the market analysis section of your business plan. The marketing plan will help them understand that. 1) Income sources Concerning the income sources, its the first and more important step you have to focus on because it will determinate the viability or not that your company and the possible launch or not of the product! Will you earn money or go into debt? Do you have minimum resources to launch it? And material? a) Capital Before the creation of our company, we wanted to be sure to have minimum resources to launch our product its for that we work two years after studies, to have a capital of 25 000 euro (divided into 25 equal parts of 1 000 euro each for the five associates) cause of the limited liability of the company. This capital is going to serve us for taking the expenses of bringing into service of the society such as the advancement of the deposit, the payment of the 3 first month of rent.. b) Investments Other persons like our family and friends help us giving two kind of investments: Materiel Kevins and Annas family help us giving computers and printer for a value of 4 000 euro.. and a car for a value of 40 000 As well, we bought 5 desks and 5 chairs for a value of 1 250 euro. Skills/ tools All of us can speak two languages, english and the one of our country so its an important thing to work and expend our product, in a near future, outside Ireland. In addition, Anna K is polish, so it will be very easy to negotiate with polish companies to have a cheap price and a good quality, during the fabrication of the product. c) Bank account We decided to choose the bank of Ireland.. in order to have a loan of 300 000 euro. With a calculator online, we can see that if we borrow 300 000 euro over 60 months, we will have to pay after 5 years 361 000 euro. We enclose our monthly repayment in the appendix number 1. [ http://www.bankofireland.ie/html/gws/business/finance_your_business/quick_quote/ ]. 2) Marketing strategy Its very important to have a heavy marketing strategy in order to target the good customer, to give him what he wants and he need.. but something which is not too full in the actual market of toothbrush! 3) Pricing The pricing strategies will help us reach our target profit margin. We have to make sure than we have included both fixed expenses and variable expenses, and be sure that our price will allow us to reach our break even point within a reasonable amount of time having profit. It is very important to give a price which is coherent. Our target are business men who are able to travel a lot and spend more money than others for their comfort, but families and child in the middle class! Our product is the first of our range and our company is recent (no market, no image etc), so the price should be in consequence. We have to mend a price in the average to begin the activity, such as: An ordinary toothbrush: This contain one toothbrush, with two recharges (travel or an ordinary utilisation at home), and a hand bag to travel.. for 7.22euro and 6.52euro for recharge. A family pack: Complete, full and economical, this pack offer two toothbrushes (adult and child size), two recharges, a dental thread, and a plastic hand bag.. for the little price of 20. In addition, we choose a round price for the pack because it is easy to remember and it vehicle simplicity (our product is simply to use, with a round price). 4) Advertising and promotion a) Distribution To launch a product, it is very important to know where your small business will sell its products or services and how it will get those products or services to your customers in your your target market? Delivery terms and costs? If there are any shipping or labelling requirements? For the two offers, we decided to use tree main interfaces: Sales forces Costs Where? Pharmacies / Packaging In Ireland Internet Website Packaging Advertising In Europe Super and Hypermarket Members of the company Packaging Advertising Free samples oil for the car etc. In Ireland Pharmacies Pharmacies vehicle an image of specialization, security and quality so it is very important for our company to be represented in this kind of store. It is cheap cause we dont have to spend a lot of money for advertising and we give a good image of our product. Obviously, we will just choose pharmacies in Ireland in the four main towns which are Dublin, Belfast, Cork and Galway. Internet Internet is a sure and clear distributor, and people came to search some of product to sell all the time in Europe. It is a very lucrative source of income, but we have to be careful and to have a consequent budget for advertising (lots of competitors). In addition, we have to offer short delivery terms to be competitive. We will promote our product thanks to our website, where people will choose, compare and buy their products. It is a good mean to make profit, without spend a lot of money in advertising and sales force to absorb costs the first year. Hyper and Supermarket Hyper and Super is the communication mean in which we invest a lot (free samples, car, oil, packaging, flyers), but its the more lucrative. It will help us to promote our product and give the image we want, targeting a large panel of population in Ireland. b) and promotion We have a budget of 500euro each month for promotion, to dispatch in all of our interface (excluded shop online which has his own budget): Logo and catchphrases 150euro to print the logo, and 250euro to print and publish our catchphrases We are designing our logo by ourselves and manufacturers will put it on toothbrushes With Feekul, you are cool An easy catchphrases to remember and clear, to give a young and nice image of the company. Calling cards 100euro to print calling cards.. Online shop Web hosting and domain, a cost of 70 euro/ month (www.feekul.com). Our online shop will cost 1000 euro. Holidays special promotion 5) Sales strategy After understand really what the consumer wants and needs it is very important to create a heavy sales strategy, in order to do what the company needs to make profits, and sales! We decide to sell our product in 3 kind of stores: pharmacies, online with our website in internet, and in supermarket and hyper in Ireland. It seems to be a good mean to launch and promote our product to target a large panel of population. 50% of our toothbrush will be sell online, because it is cheaper for us, and it permitted to absorb our cost the first year.. selling all over Europe. 25% of our product will be sell in pharmacies (in order to have an image of quality and security) and 25% in hyper and super markets the more expensive but the best mean to make our product popular. For these reasons we will have a competition advantage, because we will be represented in lots of stores, in Ireland and in Europe. We will promote toothbrushes by our own, thanks to our formation so we dont need staff to contact hyper and super, to choose the disposition and negotiate, for the creation of flyers and we will assure the delivery with our own car (we recruit one person to drive the car) For this economical choice, we will be cheap. without make any negligence about promotion and advertising. Concerning our goals: pharmacies: 150 toothbrushes for each pharmacy/ month and 100 rechargers every month (2 000 pharmacies) supermarkets: 300 toothbrushes for each supermarkets every month and 200 rechargers every month (2 000 supermarkets) Online: First five months 5 000 in total (1 000/month) and after 2 000/month rechargers 0 the fist month,then 500 until fifth month, and 1 000 until the 12th. We have a cheap product, innovative and commercialise in 3 different stores to target a large panel of the population. V/ RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 1) Product evolution Anybody who uses a toothbrush will say you that it is not the best pleasure of the world and for a lot of people its even a nightmare experience. Consequently our company has to try to develop many projects for the toothbrush moment becomes a pleasure moment for the 6 billion potential users in the world!!! a) New product If our product is a success and it will be a big success, we will can to extend our range of product in the health and hygiene: It would be a very good idea to develop a larger range of perfumes toothpaste to satisfy everybody. We have to diversify to the basic perfumes which are bubblegum for child and fresh mint for adults. So with our product it will be very easy to propose toothpaste kit with different perfume like mango, coconut or chocolate The perfumes list dont have end but we choice, after a market research, the best perfumes for the customers. So without forgotten the most important perfume, a toothpaste plants-based or/and a bio toothpaste to follow/surf on the eco-friendly wave!! Develop new perfume its a good idea!! Develop famous new perfume it would be better idea!! Indeed we could ask to the famous food brand like Twix, Mars, Canterbury, Bounty or Kinder Physical appearance is more and more important in the new way of life and we are specialist in dental hygiene. Also a good dental hygiene dont permit having a great smile with very white teeth, so we could develop a product which permit to go white the teeth. It would a kind of pen which apply on your teeth. The Teeth White Pen It could be a great thing to do research on a toothpaste tablet. Its the next stage of our product. Indeed the news way of life bring about the increase the outdoor meal and decrease meal time. Our can answers to this new problem with Fee-KUL but a tablet toothpaste without toothbrush and water, it could be a best success in the world. b) New distribution channel If our product is a success and it will be a big success, we will develop new distribution channel to send always more Fee-Kul. You can buy sandwich, drink, pizza in a vending machine but also for any years newspapers, cigarettes, flowers or condoms but why not our toothbrush? Indeed the primary characteristic of our product is this mobility (With FEE-KUL, you can use our toothbrush everywhere and whenever). So we could ask to the hospital, hotel, bus or railway station, airport, motorway area to distribute our product in vending machine. And it would be preferable to do partnership with other hygiene, heath or beauty brand for install together new vending machine. In the same time our web site launch, we could launch a new website offer. You know, that its already possible for some years buy a lot of product on the web and certainly every products of the world. So why not Fee-Kul The theory is very simple: a toothbrush home delivery subscription package. Indeed a very simple report : on average, the European and so certainly Irish people change their toothbrush only twice a year but a good dental hygiene requires a renewal at least every two or three months. So our website will could be offer a subscription so that receive all the two or three month a new toothbrush with a package of toothpaste refill. Maybe it will be possible to do partnerships with the insurances, dentist or Mutual Insurance Company which propose our subscription website. c) Promotion If our product is a success and it will be a big success, we will develop promotion Channel to be always more famous. The health is big deal for the all countries and so also the dental hygiene; we are a big actor of the dental hygiene. On partnership with different country, we could offer free dental hygiene lesson in the schools. It would be the perfect advertising: we learn the most important hygiene-based with our toothbrush and after the children talk about our product with her parents. We do the good for the family and for our company. At the beginning, it would be a great thing to do a partnership with a big brand of toothpaste (Colgate, Aquafresh). Indeed to use a famous brand could be increase the fame of our new brand. Of course in compensation we will have to give to this famous brand a percentage of the profits or sales. But if we choose to do this partnership we wouldnt develop ours news toothpaste perfumes and just accept the offer of the famous brand. 2) Patents and trademark Patents The toothbrush with toothpaste inside already available, however its possible to get a patents license in compensation of money. To get a license is the operation which consists for the patents owner to give the exploitation rights of its patent to another people. The license is also a legal contract Register trademark Our registration trademark is absolutely necessary. Indeed we have to protect our brand against the potential competitor. This registration is not an obligation in the Irish law but that allowed being the only people who can use the name or the logo. Registering your trade mark creates an official record of your rights as owner of a particular trade mark and makes it easier to prevent others from using it. Trade mark registration grants a statutory right, subject to certain conditions, to prevent others from using the trade mark without the registered proprietors permission i.e. to prevent infringement . Registration confers an exclusive right to authorise others by means of licensing to use the trade mark for the goods and /or services for which the trade mark is registered. Ireland The initial application fee is 70.00. If the application is successful, a registration fee of 177.00 is payable. The fee for the renewal of a trade mark registration is 250 payable every ten years from the date of filing the application. As register trademark are territorial, indeed an Irish trademark is only valid in Ireland, we feel, that because are target market for our product expands beyond Ireland, it would be necessary to apply for patent protection abroad beyond the Irish jurisdiction. The following options are available to us: Europe We can register our brand like a Community Trade Mark, which will provide registration in the 27 Countries of the European Union with the OHIM (Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market ). Its quite easy because its necessary to ask just one registration for to be valid across the European Union. For the registration of a Community trade mark, there is a unique fee to be paid, 900 (online) or 1050 (paper). In a Word, as in Ireland a registered Community Trade Mark is valid for ten years and it can be renewed indefinitely for further periods of ten years. Of course, they are also tax to renewed the CTM. World We can also register a international brand with the International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) but its still more difficult and more difficult. In addition, contrary for a european trademark, its not possible to register our brand in the world. Before we must choose each country that we want integrate this national market. It wont be necessary to register a design because our product doesnt have a particular design. 3) Research and development To constitute Research and development department in a new company be very expensive. Indeed that includes a big rise of expenses (personnel, material, patents or license). And secondly, our product our product dont have a technology stock and dont require a high technology. However technology develop very fast and have got a research and development center will be essential in the future to stay a competitive company on the healths market. Firstly, this centre will develop product in dental hygiene like the toothpaste tablet or the teeth White Pen. But after some we could develop other products for the Hygiene, Beauty or Health market. 4) System Overview Diagram We follow the procedures below when developing a new application or solution for one of our clients. This diagram shows how M.A.S.K.A. get an idea, develop it and eventually implement it. We are always striving to improve and looking at new ways to develop. All our departments work together to come to solutions. We test the feasibility and try to integrate and eventually industrialize the product before implementing. Introduction phase Begins when a client initiates a need or an opportunity. System Concept phase Defines the scope boundary of the concept Planning phase Includes Project Management Plan and other planning documents. Requirements analyses phase Analyzer user develops user requirements. Design phase Transforms detailed requirements into complete detailed system design document. Development phase Converts a design into a complete information system. Integration and testing phase Demonstrates that the developed system conforms to the specified functional requirements document. Implementation phase Implementation of the system into a production environment, and resolution of problems indentified in the last phase Operation and maintenance phase Describes tasks to operate and maintain information systems in the production environment. VI/ STAFFING AND OPERATIONS 1) Staffing We need just an employee who is responsible printing the logo on your product. This job dont require a particularly qualification. 2) Operating plan Product description Fee-kul is a toothbrush with toothpaste inside. Head brush has snap-on cap that protect bristles and toothpaste already inside in the brush handle. To dispense the toothpaste onto the brush head only need to twist the wheel on the side of the toothbrush. Location Our companys headquarter take place in Athlone because we know very good this town and also this is the centre of Ireland and all road go to Athlone. At the beginning our office is renting. Communications facilities: Internet, fax and phone, www.feekul.com , [emailprotected] , 090-6498115. Equipment A vehicle, furniture (desks and chairs), laptops, printers, phones, lamps, video projectors, kitchen facilities, coffee machine. Costs involved: Oil, sheets and furniture, wages, tax rates, rent and charges bill, maintenance, business expenses, goods. Manufacturing To produce our product we decide to outsourcing. Goldcredit Oral Care manufacturer will produce toothbrush and toothpaste. They will also focus on packing, but everything is designed by our company. Quality Assurance Goldcredit Oral Care manufacturer as an ISO9001:2000 certified supplier they provide exquisite quality. Product Delivery Our partnership in distribution is Beatties Distribution Services Ltd. They will organise the safe and efficient movement of goods. Storage From the beginning we are invest in buying our own warehouse to get in the future profit from letting Selling We are starting with online shop and buying a domain www.feekul.ie for 69 (excluding VAT) annually. Cost of designing a web application is 500. Product delivery We have agreement with courier that in every Friday will take our packages. We can give discount to customers who will buy more than 5 toothbrushes. VII/ FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS 1) Product prices To fixe our prices we include our costs . 2) Cashflow 3) Cashflow projections : summary 4) Income statement 5) Balance sheet 6) Loan

Better Find Your Loving Essay -- Literary Analysis, Allen, Gilman, Ste

Better Find Your Loving Restraints are set by parents on their children to aid with the developmental process and help with the maturity level. Restrictions and the ability to control are present in our society and our lives. We encounter restraints daily: job, doors, people, and the most frequently used and arduous become intangible. In the following stories we are seen both the tangible and intangible scenarios. The Autonomy, desires and talents spurned by the husbands in John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums and Charlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.† The authors are of opposite sexes who share views regarding a similar theme of male domination and imprisonment. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† involves the treatment of a depressed woman who is driven insane in a male imposed detention of her own room. On the other hand, Elisa Allen in the â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† struggles internally to find her place in a male dominated society or definite gender roles. The m irror-like situations bring upon a different reaction for both the women in different ways. The importance of symbolism, control from their husbands, and the lack of a healthy marriage will be discussed in this paper on the two different stories written by authors of different sexes. Elisa Allen and the narrator of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† are both trapped in various ways and their sexuality of a woman leads to this entrapment. Elisa feels confined and limited, â€Å"the high grey-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the world† (226). She feels trapped from the outside world that feels emotionally and spiritually inhibited. The chrysanthemums symbolize her scope of life to which she spends extra time to care off. The chrysanthemums st... ...wer that leads to lack of understanding in their marriage. The wallpaper symbolizes the trapped narrator and the strucure of the tradition. Also, Elisa’s chrysanthemums are rejected which portray the rejection of women and nothing important as housewives can be applied with the narrator. Elisa ends up â€Å"crying weakly like an old woman† and settles in for wine (233). Whereas, the narrator actions leads to the husband â€Å"fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time† (447). The narrator is insane and causes faintness in her husband, hoping that she now has an escape. To conclude, John Steinbecks â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and Charloette Perkins â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† show two different outcomes mainly arisen due to being trapped inside an isolated house or a garden and having a limited life under a husband's control.

The Catholic Church: A Cult In Mainstream Society Essay -- essays rese

When one hears of a cult, one thinks of organizations such as the Church of Scientology, the Jehovah’s Witnesses, and small fanatical groups such as the Assembly of God. According to Robert J. Lofton, author of Letters to an Elder, there are two kinds of cults; those that use mind-control, and those that do not. Lofton describes eight characteristics of destructive mind-control cults, saying, â€Å"If any group exercises all eight of these control elements, they are, in fact a destructive mind control cult†. Lofton’s characteristics are ‘Environmental Control’, ‘Mystical Manipulation’, ‘Demand for Purity’, ‘Cult of Confession’, ‘Sacred Science’, ‘Loading the Language’, ‘Doctrine over Person’, and ‘Dispensing of Existence’. These eight characteristics are found not only in the organizations mentioned earlier, but also in more mainstream organizations. The Roman Catholic Church exhibits all eight characteristics very strongly, making it fit the profile of a destructive mind-control cult. Lofton’s first characteristic, ‘Environmental Control’, refers to the manner in which the cult keeps its members from becoming disillusioned about the cult though outside sources or ex-members. Members â€Å"can be physically separated from society or they can be warned to stay away from media that might provoke critical thinking.† In 1934, the Catholic Church formed â€Å"The Legion of Decency†¦to combat immoral movies†. The Legion of Decency rated movies, periodicals, and other such materials and set the standard for Catholics across the world. The Legion condemned such movies as â€Å"Jesus Christ† for blasphemy and heresy, as well as recommending against many other movies of questionable nature. The Legion controlled the environment of Catholics and isolated them from media that was critical of the Church or was deemed inappropriate for viewing by Catholics. The second characteristic of destructive mind-control cults is ‘Mystical Manipulation’. â€Å"Leaders [of the cult] become mediators for God†¦ the cult and its beliefs become the only true path to salvation†. By providing the only way for members to reach salvation, the cult becomes a necessary and inescapable part of the member’s life. In the Catholic Church, the Pope is said to be in contact with God, and to have a greater measure of communication with him than the other members of the Church. On a local level, each priest is the congregati... ...he American Religious Scene. Doubleday: New York, 1971 Karson, Jill. Cults. Greenhaven Press: CA, 2000. Kavanaugh, Father James. A Modern Priest Looks at His Outdated Church. Trident: New York, 1967. Kephart, Rick. A Brief History of the Legion of Decency. 4 Nov 2000 . McCabe, Joseph. â€Å"Catholics The Most Priest-Ridden Of All People.† The Tyranny of the Clerical Gestapo. 4 Nov. 2000. . Miller, MaryAnn. Coping With Cults. Rosen Publishing Group: New York, 1990. Noll, Richard. When Catholics Die: Eternal Life or Eternal Damnation? The Olive Press: SC, 1999. O’Neill, James M. Catholicism and American Freedom. Harper: New York, 1952. â€Å"Science and the Church.† New Advend Catholic Encyclopedia. 4 Nov. 2000 . Shields, Currin. Democracy and Catholicism in America. McGraw-Hill: New York, 1958. Sikorski, R. J. Letters to an Elder. 4 Nov. 2000 . Wells, H.G. Crux Ansata: An indictment of the Roman Catholic Church. American Atheist Press: TX, 1981.

Country Music Essay

Country music is one form of music that has both an extensive history and also has a prominent place in the public consciousness right now. It is one of the most interesting types of music because of the fact that many people completely misunderstand where it came from and its roots. Though much of the history country music can be traced to many southern venues, it has since grown to be a much more â€Å"national† type of phenomenon, with influence stretching from Bakersfield, California to the Atlantic coast of the United States. Performers now come from all over the world to take part in the country music phenomenon and in recent years the, country music has gained a much more mainstream following than it had in the past. By both celebrating its roots and being willing to branch out to reach new listeners, country music as a whole has positioned itself for much greater success in the future, as well. In order to truly understand the origins of country music, one has to look as far back as the turn of the twentieth century. Though country did not truly get its start until later, the groundwork for the industry was being laid by musicians who probably did not even know what country music was. Old jazz musicians and church gospel singers provided the original motivation for what would become the country music movement. Singers would later draw influences from those old styles in order to develop the characteristic country sound that is so popular and prevalent in today’s music world. Country officially got its start in 1921 in Bristol, Tennessee. Before that time, people had been singing songs in order to pass down stories and to fill the idle time, but there had never been an organized country music industry. According to Roughstock’s History of Country Music, â€Å"Although musicians had been recording fiddle tunes (known as Old Time Music at that time) in the southern Appalachians for several years, It wasn’t until August 1, 1927 in Bristol, Tennessee, that Country Music really began. There, on that day, Ralph Peer signed Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family to recording contracts for Victor Records† (Roughstock). Those two popular acts laid the framework for country to come, and they are both remembered for their innovation and their ability to connect with singers of that time. Over the course of time, country music has seen many different movements that have all helped to shape the sound that is prevalent today. The Bluegrass movement, headed up by the famous Bill Monroe of Kentucky was a type of music where people relied heavily on the banjo, the acoustic guitar, and the mandolin. Before Monroe starting experimenting with these instruments, people had never thought to use the guitar as a lead instrument before. This Bluegrass sound would prove to be a characterizing sound and it has influenced many of today’s most popular singers, including women like Allison Krause. According to Jeri Rowe of The News and Record, the Bill Monroe movement is something that almost all of the famous musicians have felt over the course of time. According to Rowe, â€Å"Ask anyone familiar with bluegrass music and they’ll probably have a Bill Monroe moment† (Rowe, 1996). Other movements have become popular in country music, including the innovations that came along with the Bakersfield sound. Though country music had long had its roots in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, young people out in California changed the way that people thought about the country music industry by expanding the sound to include something of an â€Å"Outlaw† movement (Encyclopedia of Country Music). Among those people who led this popular movement were Merle Haggard, who became a spokesperson for the common man during his time. His songs like â€Å"Long Haired Country Boy† and â€Å"Okie from Muskogee† made him famous. Another famed musician that was a part of the progressive country movement, as it came to be called, was Willie Nelson. Nelson is known as a popular singer and songwriter today and he has worked alongside dozens of extremely popular musicians during his career. He sang songs like â€Å"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain† and â€Å"Mommas, Don’t Let your Babies Grow up to be Cowboys† that were able to really connect to fans on a very personal level. One of the unique things about the country music industry is that all of these different movements have helped to create the sound that characterizes country music today. Starting with the Outlaw movement, the Bluegrass movement, and things like the Nashville sound, people have begun to combine all of these different elements to create a very real sound of today. The Nashville sound is something that came about, as one might guess, in the heart of country music located in Nashville. This came about when Roy Acuff made the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville a popular thing. It started out as just one of the many barn shows that played country music across the powerful radio airwaves. Over time, the Grand Ole Opry became much more than that. It came to characterize the Nashville sound, which was a new sound that included things like the old steel guitar and drums in the background. The Nashville sound changed the way people felt about country music, as musicians like Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs brought their unique methods to Nashville and gained popularity. All in all, the Nashville sound represented a brand new vision for country music, where people could experiment with different things on the highest level at the Grand Ole Opry. The Opry gave legitimacy to these acts and people began to quickly respond to the new techniques and new sounds that they were hearing up on the stage (Hemphill). Today, the country music world has moved even more into the mainstream than it was in the past. It is safe to say that widespread radio is what helped country music take off and now people are enjoying it in different ways. When things like TNN and CMT came about, country music was put on television for the world to see. Though this made some people in the country music world mad because the networks opted for the new styles and neglected some of the older heroes of country music, it helped the industry at large. People could not watch country music as much as they wanted and they could begin to put faces with the voices that they had heard on the radio. The innovation of music on television really helped the country music industry as much as it helped all of the other music industries. More records are sold today than ever before, as people like George Strait have sold hundreds of millions of records. Strait owns the record for most number one hits for a singer, while the South Carolina-based group Alabama owns the record for most number one hits for a group. Other acts that have become popular today are people like Garth Brooks, who helped change the way country music was looked at in a sense of live performances. Brooks turned the country music world into something of a rock show and made the shows more appealing to younger people. In the past, country music had been looked at as something that was a little bit boring when seen in concert. People went to see country music shows because they liked the sound of the music, not because they wanted to be entertained. This all changed when Brooks came about in the late 1980s. He added things like lights and great technology to his shows. The sound was impressive and finally the country music world was able to compete with the rock world at least on some level. This was a very important change for country music and predictably, more and more artists starting picking up where Brooks left off. It is fair to say that the country music world has not been completely embraced by the media at large, but the media has at least picked up on the national importance of some of the acts. In the past, the country music world might have been pushed off to the side with the rock and roll world taking center stage a little bit more. People are now coming to realize that rock and country are much more inter-connected than they might have originally imagined and that country music deserves to be recognized for its huge following. With country music selling at high rates in record stores and television channels getting great ratings, there is no choice in the national media but to pick up on the new and changing times, even if they do not totally believe everything that is being said. There is some perception out there that country music is a music based in the south and for southern people, though evidence has been provided to the contrary. One media controversy worth remembering happened with the popular group The Dixie Chicks, who were ostracized by the media and the mainstream country music world for their comments about President George W. Bush. Their political talk earned them a place on the proverbial country music blacklist. A Gazette Newspaper article speaks to the fact that the controversy may have been overblown by some media outlets, as country music singers are certainly not the first musicians to speak out in a political way. In fact, music has always been an avenue for this type of free speech. That article says, â€Å"Even entertainers have a right to say whatever they want to about U. S. foreign policy and politics – and in fact, many have been doing so for decades, getting rich and famous while thumbing their noses at the nation that makes them so† (Gazette). One of the concerns of many country musicians today is that the media is willing to give time to the current stars, but no one will recognize the people who laid the framework for the country music movement. One People Magazine article quotes popular country music star Alan Jackson talking about living legend George Jones and how no one is willing to recognize him. The article writes, â€Å"Jackson spokeswoman Kay West said Alan was inspired by a visit to Jones earlier this year in the hospital after Jones was involved in a near-fatal car wreck. â€Å"Alan said that had George Jones died there, there would have been a 10-minute tribute to him on the show,† West said. â€Å"But he lived, and they wouldn’t give him three minutes† (People). All in all, country music seems to be growing at a faster rate than it ever has. Helped along by more coverage in the media and the fact that more and more types of musicians are currently getting involved in country music, the industry has taken off at a higher degree than most might have imagined in the past. Though the roots of country music are strong and many people seek to preserve and celebrate those roots, there is no denying that the industry in branching out in a desire to incorporate new fans and new acts alike going into the future. With that in mind, the future of the industry is strong and as stable as it can possibly be. Works Cited Hemphill, Paul. The Nashville Sound. 30 September 2005. Everthemore Press. Kingsbury, Paul. The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Oxford: 2004. People Magazine. Country Music Controversy. 2008. < http://www. people. com/people/article/0,,616549,00. html> Roughstock’s History of Country Music. The Beginnings. < http://www. roughstock. com/history/begin. html> Rowe, Jeri. The News and Record. 12 September 1996. BILL MONROE’S INFLUENCE FELT BY MUSICIANS IN THE TRIAD; AREA BLUEGRASS FANS REMEMBER BILL MONROE, THE â€Å"FATHER OF BLUEGRASS MUSIC. † The Gazette. 7 May 2003. Whistling Dixie Freedom of speech not at issue in country music controversy.

Democracy In Queensland Essay

Democracy is a form of government wherein the regime that would be formed or was formed in a certain nation is based on vox populi (â€Å"voice of the people†) and or the rule of the majority. Furthermore, in this type of government, the consent of the governed is still based on the majority with an assumption of a free and fair election conducted, on the goal or objective of protecting for the political minorities, fair and just treatment or execution of the law and basic human rights, and political pluralism (Camp, 1841). We can say that the people or individuals electing the government and its government officials, has the power to alter, accept or reject some decisions made by the elected rulers. In the modern-day world of political views, beliefs and principles, the definition of democracy seems vague and for others, it is ambiguous having different meanings depending on the nation having this type of government (Dunn, 2005). The article published Last February 1, 2007 in the editorial section of The New Zealand Herald, which was entitled â€Å"Sometimes, democracy can stink,† talks about Queensland regarding public consultations, government rule and in general, democracy. It was said that Queensland is under a critical situation of having the worst condition when it comes to water shortage during the summer. So the government of Queensland asked the opinion of the majority about a proposed use of recycled water. Since Queensland is a nation under a democratic government, as much we could say that Australians (in Queensland) live in democracy, having a political system wherein they have the power to vote for or choose through their ballots their government and government representatives, therefore, it was a proper action for them to consult the majority first. The problem was that the state premiere announced the cancellation of the said referendum. The people of Queensland or the majority would have to drink or use the recycled water whether they like it or not. Democracy in this aspect was bypassed, but if you would look at the problem or the crisis which Queensland would have to suffer in the future, the decision of the state was just and necessary. The author of the article carefully looks at some instances wherein democracy in a nation sometimes becomes a problem. The author may not be a government official, but it seems that he or she has good political and social background and knowledge. He or she is able to show that with or without democracy, the people of Queensland and its government officials would have to do their own parts and that they have the responsibility in taking steps for the development or progress of their nation. The author sees the action taken by the state or the government officials regarding the issue was just and shows that the ruling class has the capacity for good governance. The action which they took might not have been a democratic one, but it was a lesson regarding a good government. Democracy, lying on the principles such as the sovereignty of the people, government based upon consent of the governed, majority rule, minority rights, guarantee of basic human rights, and the others, lies on a divine fact that within its hearts, is freedom (Thayer, 1919). This freedom is possessed by the individuals, either the rulers or the individuals ruled. This freedom, that they posses should be enough to create ways or implementations that would benefit the majority. I think that democracy is not truly bypassed even without the consent of the majority as long as the rule or law implemented benefits the majority most, and does not cause harm of any form or in any way. In the case of the implementation of the use of recycled water in Queensland, it was a right decision, and that it does not harm the majority but rather help them survive longer. Individuals who are very attached to the â€Å"definition† of democracy or those who are lovers of democracy would see this act of the state of Queensland as preposterous. They would argue that the majority was neglected and that due process was not done. But this is not the case. The government and the government officials of Queensland’s decided or implemented the use of recycled water because they considered and thought of the majority and it was just a fair decision. It does not matter whether the referendum results was a â€Å"yes† or a â€Å"no† from the majority. Through public consultations or the referendum, the government could receive a majority of â€Å"no† or a majority disagreeing with the use of recycled water, but later on as the water crisis worsens, the state would implement it, thus, leading to an inconsistency in the government, decreasing the hope or trust given to the state by its people. Thus, the cancellation of the referendum was justified. If the government of Queensland did not implement the use of recycled water, then Queensland would be approaching its end. It is a situation wherein the people of Queensland do not have a choice. They have the option of drinking or not drinking the recycled water because of certain reasons such as unpalatability, but ultimately, they have to or else, they would die of thirst. The problem was addressed by the government as to ensure the needs and the safety of the majority living in Queensland. The referendum, through the questionnaires, public polls, public interviews and other statistical measures may not be enough to ensure a firm or the best decision that has the most benefit. The government of Queensland, more specifically its officials, had taken great depth in studying the best solution to address both the problems being undertaken and the inhabitants of Queensland. Furthermore, in their government website, the recycled water which was to be given to the majority is wastewater which highly purified and treated to an extent that it reaches the highest quality or standard. They even promote safe, environmentally sustainable, cheap source and enough water supplies through purified recycled water. The recycled water also passes a strict series of processing and guidelines to ensure the safety of the majority and for the progress of the society. The article regarding the democracy in Queensland, ethically shows that sometimes, democracy may not be fulfilled or followed strictly or thoroughly. Socially speaking, the government of Queensland performs its duties under due process for the protection of the political minorities and for the benefit or sake of the majority. A good government has a central role of performing plays or actions that would ensure a progress or development of the country or nation, economically or socially (Slinn, 2004). Furthermore, the referendum might have been cancelled or what the majority has to say might not have been legally considered in the actions that the state has taken, but it does not mean that democracy in Queensland is dead and the majority no longer has the power. It only means that the actions taken shows that the majority was in power and that the action taken was for their benefit, and not for the benefit of the ruling body. In addition to this, the government or the state was also at risk regarding the cancellation of the referendum, because they could be perceived to violate the democracy in Queensland, when in fact, they do not. The democratic law of giving benefit to the majority is the sovereign entity in this issue (Oswald, 1986). The author does not mislead people in stating that democracy sometimes stink. He or she does not generalize democracy to be a burden and he or she does not imply that democracy is a weak type of government. From the title of the article, he or she initially states â€Å"sometimes†, implying that it democracy is not always that bad, but in this case regarding the crisis in Queensland, it was.