Dna Research Paper - 809 Words

The discovery of DNA began in 1928 when the British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith was performing an experiment with mice based on pneumococcus, a bacterium that causes pneumonia in humans. This bacterium has a capsule made of polysaccharides that has a shiny and smooth appearance, called s-strain. There are mutants of s-strain that do not produce this capsule and form a rough-looking colony called r-strain. Griffith discovered that this mutant did not kill the mice, but if pneumococcus R was mixed with pneumococcus S, the mice would die; this shows that the s-strain contained something capable of transforming R bacteria into pathogens. Oswald Avery with his colleagues Collin Macleod and Maclin McCarty began to separate the S bacteria†¦show more content†¦At the 1950s Rosalind Franklin was the first woman to obtain an excellent DNA photography using x-ray diffraction. With this photograph she was able to deduce the distribution and distance of the atoms that make up the DNA. Then Janes Watson and Francis Crick had in mind several models of the DNA molecule, but having no type of description they did not know which model was the correct one; The photograph of Franklin was key for Watson and Crick to conclude that the DNA model should have a double helix structure, they also calculated the exact distances between the atoms and the chains that make up the DNA. This provided answers to many questions about genetics background. The DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid it’s an acid of the nucleus of the cells, where the genetic information is found, it is used in the development and functioning of any living organism and of some viruses. This molecule is responsible for storing information, DNA can be compared as a plan, a code or a recipe, because it contains the instructions needed to build cells and their components, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA molecule is a double chain of nucleotides that can be divided into  ¨bytes ¨ of information, that we call genes, and each of these genes come together to create a specific protein. These proteins are those thatShow MoreRelatedDna Research Paper1015 Words   |  5 Pages1930s and 1940s, scientists were determined to identify the fundamental concept whether DNA, RNA, or proteins were the genetic material in organisms, and were leaning towards proteins as they are the most molecularly diverse of the three. At the time, DNA was considered too simple to compose the genetic material as it consisted of only four unique base pairs. These investigations were initiated from research completed by Fred Griffith in 1928, in which he was studying the bacterium StreptococcusRead MoreRandom Amplification Of Polymorphic Dna Research Paper1008 Words   |  5 PagesRandom Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are analyzed by using PCR to amplify the segments of nuclear DNA. The use of a single primer (usually 8–10 bp long) that attaches to both strands of DNA and low annealing temperatures increases the likeli ¬hood of amplifying multiple regions representing a particular locus (Welsh and McClelland, 1990). Although RAPD is a simple and inexpensive technique its major limitation is the inability to differentiateRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Structure Of Dna1089 Words   |  5 PagesRosalind Franklin and her Contribution to the Structure of DNA Specific Purpose: To enable the audience to reflect on how Rosalind Franklin contributed to the discovery of the structure of DNA. 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Damage to DNA due to free radical reactions can lead to numerous biological issues both on the molecular level and at the level of the organism’s health, causing issues such as carcinogenesis and cell death. According to Bhattacharjee et al.,Read More Review of Research Paper on the Interphase of Mitosis1279 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent stages, or phases. This paper focuses on the interphase of cell cycle, which is when DNA replication occurs, and the cell is engaged in metab olic activities to prepare itself for cell division. The idea that these two processes are related arises much controversy in what their relation is exactly. A few theories propose that the cell cycle dictates DNA replication, whereas others support that DNA replication dictates the cell cycle. However, more research on yeast cells have determined thatRead More Rosalind Franklin Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesBook, 2001). She then took a job with Nobel chemist, Ronald Norrish (McGrayne, 1993). From here she took a job with the British Coal Utilization Research Association (BCURA). Here she brought order into a field which had previously been chaos (Bernstein, 1978). Her Research at BCURA focused on how coal could be used most efficiently. Based on this research, she earned a Ph.D. from Cambridge in 1945 (McGrayne, 1993). To better understand the complex crystals in coal, Rosalind started using x-ray crystallographyRead MoreMethods For Improving The Cellular Uptake Of Dna Origami Ba sed Drug Delivery Nanocarriers1254 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Summary o The authors of this paper indicate an apparently novel method for improving the cellular uptake of DNA origami-based drug delivery nanocarriers. While the transport protein, transferrin (Tf), has been used to functionalize other types of drug delivery nanocarriers, it had yet to be incorporated into nanocarriers made via DNA origami prior to this publication. The authors demonstrate successful functionalization of Tf to a specific morphology of DNA origami using gel-shift analysis andRead MoreManuscript summary (1-3 paragraphs) The paper focuses on importance of delivery of small molecules,700 Words   |  3 PagesManuscript summary (1-3 paragraphs) The paper focuses on importance of delivery of small molecules, proteins, and DNA into cells using carbon black (CB) nanoparticles activated by femtosecond laser pulses. Since the existing biological (e.g. viral vectors), chemical (e.g. cationic lipids and polymers) and physical delivery methods (e.g. electroporation) were inefficient and/or had some side effects, in this work, ultrashort laser pulses were used. In order to determine the efficiency of laser activation